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INCOME TAX · BUSINESS & ORGANISATIONS

Your business tax questions, clearly explained.

27 practical English guides for founders, directors, partners, accountants and trustees. Start with your entity or the problem you need to solve.

Current-year rules and earlier-year returns are clearly distinguished. Read the year note in each guide before using a rate, limit or deadline.

Private limited companies

  1. Pvt Ltd, LLP or Sole Proprietorship: A Tax Comparison for Founders

    Compare business tax, withdrawals, filing and practical costs before choosing a structure.

  2. Corporate Tax Rates: Normal Regime vs Section 115BAA

    Understand the 22% option, actual effective rate, deductions and the 2026 transition.

  3. Minimum Alternate Tax: When Companies Pay MAT and How It Works

    A plain-English guide to book profit, the 14% current rate and legacy MAT credit.

  4. Director’s Salary and Remuneration: Company and Personal Tax Explained

    Separate employment salary, sitting fees, reimbursements and dividends before calculating tax.

  5. Dividend Tax: What the Company and Shareholder Must Do

    Understand gross dividend reporting, TDS credit and inter-company dividend relief.

  6. Advance Tax for Companies: Dates, Instalments and Common Errors

    Estimate company tax during the year and avoid last-minute cash shortages and interest.

  7. Private Limited Company ITR Filing: Forms, Deadlines and Documents

    A step-by-step company filing checklist, including loss years and the AY 2026–27 extension.

  8. Company Tax Audit under Section 44AB: Limits and Practical Checklist

    Understand the ₹1 crore rule, ₹10 crore cash test and the difference from statutory audit.

Public and listed companies

  1. Public vs Private Limited Company Tax: What Actually Changes?

    Compare rates, listing status, ownership rules and the records a public company needs.

  2. Share Capital, Share Premium and Buybacks: What Listed Companies Must Check

    Understand fundraising receipts, share premium and the changing buyback rules, with separate treatment for companies and shareholders.

  3. IPO Taxes Explained: The Company, Selling Founders and New Investors

    Separate fresh issue proceeds, an offer for sale, issue expenses and investors’ later capital gains before an IPO.

  4. Transfer Pricing: A Practical Guide for Companies with Overseas Related Parties

    Know which related-party dealings need transfer-pricing review, what evidence to keep and how Form 48 differs from Form 3CEB.

  5. Deferred Tax Made Simple: Why Book Profit and Taxable Profit Differ

    Understand deferred tax assets and liabilities through depreciation, losses and a practical year-end review.

LLPs and partnerships

  1. LLP Income Tax: The 30% Rate, Partner Payments and Filing Checklist

    Understand LLP tax, surcharge, partner profit shares and the records needed to file an accurate return.

  2. Partnership Firm Tax: How Profits Are Calculated, Shared and Reported

    A practical guide to firm-level tax, exempt profit shares, presumptive taxation and common partner-account mistakes.

  3. Partners’ Remuneration and Interest: Deduction Limits, TDS and Examples

    Calculate the working-partner remuneration ceiling, understand the 12% interest limit and avoid common deed and TDS mistakes.

Startups and growing businesses

  1. Startup Tax Holiday: Section 80-IAC and the New Section 140 Explained

    Check eligibility, the three-year profit deduction and the updated turnover ceiling before claiming a startup tax holiday.

  2. Angel Tax Has Ended: What Startup Founders Still Need to Check

    Understand the abolition of the old share-premium tax and why investor evidence, valuation and earlier-year disputes still matter.

  3. ESOP Tax Explained: Exercise, Sale and the Startup Deferral

    Understand the two tax stages of employee shares, the cash-flow problem and the current startup deferral rules.

  4. Company Losses: How Set-Off and Carry-Forward Really Work

    Learn which company losses can reduce future profits, the eight-year rule, timely filing and the ownership-change trap.

Trusts, societies and non-profits

  1. Trust and NGO Tax Exemptions: Understanding 12A, 12AB and 80G

    Separate the NGO’s income-tax exemption from the donor’s deduction, with registration, spending and compliance explained.

  2. Income Tax Returns for Trusts and Societies: A Practical Filing Guide

    Choose the right return, prepare the audit and avoid exemption mismatches when filing for a trust or society.

  3. Political Parties and Electoral Trusts: A Neutral Guide to Tax Rules

    Understand conditional exemptions, records, donations and reporting without confusing a political party with an electoral trust.

Compliance and common mistakes

  1. Company TDS on Vendors: Contractor, Professional and Goods-Purchase Mistakes

    A practical control guide for classifying vendor payments, checking thresholds and fixing TDS errors.

  2. Disallowed Company Expenses: Why Book Profit and Taxable Profit Differ

    Check personal expenses, cash payments, TDS failures, MSME dues and other common tax adjustments.

  3. Promoter Share Transfers: Tax Checks Before Selling or Gifting Shares

    Understand capital gains, valuation, gifts and company loss consequences before a promoter transfers shares.

  4. How a Company Should Respond to an Income Tax Notice

    A calm, practical process for verifying notices, collecting evidence, answering questions and tracking the outcome.